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ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Energy-efficient design is very important in mobile ad hoc networks.
MANETs consume more energy; as they have no fixed infrastructure,
nodes should perform the operation of forwarding packets, along with
routing. erefore, traffic loads in MANETs are heavier than in any
other wireless networks with fixed access points or base stations. For this
reason, MANETs have more energy consumption. To make them more
energy efficient, a trade-off is very necessary between different network
performance criteria. To make a MANET more energy efficient, dif-
ferent protocols have been put forward, one of which is the energy-effi-
cient medium access control (EE-MAC) protocol. e key idea behind
this design is that most ad hoc networks are mostly ...