Adaptive Stochastic Optimization Techniques with Applications

11   Voltage/Var

11.1  Introduction

Voltage/Var control is defined as the periodical change of load tap changers set points, capacitor switching, and injection of the real and reactive outputs of embedded generation in order to minimize network losses, reduction of load demand in order to achieve adequate voltage profile without violations of the operating constraints. In Voltage/Var control, active power outputs are typically assumed known as determined by market decisions or by the energy resource characteristics [1].

11.2  History of Voltage/Var Control

Traditionally, electric utilities maintain a distribution power system voltage within the acceptable margins with the help of tap changing transformers under load. Voltage regulation ...