Introduction6.1 Basic principles6.2 Switching mixers6.3 Specifications6.4 Single and double balanced mixers6.5 Passive mixers6.6 Passive mixer noise sources6.7 25% Duty cycle passive mixer6.8 Active mixers6.9 Active mixer noise6.10 Active mixer enhancements6.11 Active quadrature mixers6.12 Harmonic rejection mixersSummary RemarksReferences