radial distance between centroid and ith bolt centre, mm
S
safety factor
Sp
safety factor for crushing
T
torque, N mm
T1
frictional torque in the thread, N mm
T2
frictional torque at bearing surface, N mm
W
effective section modulus, mm3
z
number of bolts in a joint group
α
thread angle, °
β
helix angle, °
γ
lead angle, °
λ
deflection, mm
σ
tensile stress, MPa
σca
calculated tensile stress, ...
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