book

Arduino Cookbook, 3rd Edition

by Michael Margolis, Brian Jepson, Nicholas Robert Weldin

April 2020

Intermediate to advanced

795 pages

17h 43m

English

O'Reilly Media, Inc.

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Who This Book Is ForHow This Book Is OrganizedWhat Was Left OutCode Style (About the Code)Arduino Platform Release NotesNotes on the Third EditionConventions Used in This BookUsing Code ExamplesO’Reilly Online LearningHow to Contact UsAcknowledgments for the Second Edition (Michael Margolis)Acknowledgments for the Third Edition (Brian Jepson)
1.0 Introduction1.1 Installing the Integrated Development Environment (IDE)1.2 Setting Up the Arduino Board1.3 Using the Integrated Development Environment to Prepare an Arduino Sketch1.4 Uploading and Running the Blink Sketch1.5 Creating and Saving a Sketch1.6 An Easy First Arduino Project1.7 Using Arduino with Boards Not Included in the Standard Distribution1.8 Using a 32-Bit Arduino (or Compatible)
2.0 Introduction2.1 A Typical Arduino Sketch2.2 Using Simple Primitive Types (Variables)2.3 Using Floating-Point Numbers2.4 Working with Groups of Values2.5 Using Arduino String Functionality2.6 Using C Character Strings2.7 Splitting Comma-Separated Text into Groups2.8 Converting a Number to a String2.9 Converting a String to a Number2.10 Structuring Your Code into Functional Blocks2.11 Returning More than One Value from a Function2.12 Taking Actions Based on Conditions2.13 Repeating a Sequence of Statements2.14 Repeating Statements with a Counter2.15 Breaking Out of Loops2.16 Taking a Variety of Actions Based on a Single Variable2.17 Comparing Character and Numeric Values2.18 Comparing Strings2.19 Performing Logical Comparisons2.20 Performing Bitwise Operations2.21 Combining Operations and Assignment
3.0 Introduction3.1 Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing3.2 Incrementing and Decrementing Values3.3 Finding the Remainder After Dividing Two Values3.4 Determining the Absolute Value3.5 Constraining a Number to a Range of Values3.6 Finding the Minimum or Maximum of Some Values3.7 Raising a Number to a Power3.8 Taking the Square Root3.9 Rounding Floating-Point Numbers Up and Down3.10 Using Trigonometric Functions3.11 Generating Random Numbers3.12 Setting and Reading Bits3.13 Shifting Bits3.14 Extracting High and Low Bytes in an int or long3.15 Forming an int or long from High and Low Bytes
4.0 Introduction4.1 Sending Information from Arduino to Your Computer4.2 Sending Formatted Text and Numeric Data from Arduino4.3 Receiving Serial Data in Arduino4.4 Sending Multiple Text Fields from Arduino in a Single Message4.5 Receiving Multiple Text Fields in a Single Message in Arduino4.6 Sending Binary Data from Arduino4.7 Receiving Binary Data from Arduino on a Computer4.8 Sending Binary Values from Processing to Arduino4.9 Sending the Values of Multiple Arduino Pins4.10 Logging Arduino Data to a File on Your Computer4.11 Sending Data to More than One Serial Device4.12 Receiving Serial Data from More than One Serial Device4.13 Using Arduino with the Raspberry Pi
5.0 Introduction5.1 Using a Switch5.2 Using a Switch Without External Resistors5.3 Reliably Detect (Debounce) When a Switch Is Pressed5.4 Determining How Long a Switch Is Pressed5.5 Reading a Keypad5.6 Reading Analog Values5.7 Changing the Range of Values5.8 Reading More than Six Analog Inputs5.9 Measuring Voltages Up to 5V5.10 Responding to Changes in Voltage5.11 Measuring Voltages More than 5V (Voltage Dividers)
6.0 Introduction6.1 You Want an Arduino with Many Built-in Sensors6.2 Detecting Movement6.3 Detecting Light6.4 Detecting Motion of Living Things6.5 Measuring Distance6.6 Measuring Distance Precisely6.7 Detecting Vibration6.8 Detecting Sound6.9 Measuring Temperature6.10 Reading RFID (NFC) Tags6.11 Tracking Rotary Movement6.12 Tracking Rotary Movement in a Busy Sketch with Interrupts6.13 Using a Mouse6.14 Getting Location from a GPS6.15 Detecting Rotation Using a Gyroscope6.16 Detecting Direction6.17 Reading Acceleration
7.0 Introduction7.1 Connecting and Using LEDs7.2 Adjusting the Brightness of an LED7.3 Driving High-Power LEDs7.4 Adjusting the Color of an LED7.5 Controlling Lots of Color LEDs7.6 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Creating a Bar Graph7.7 Sequencing Multiple LEDs: Making a Chase Sequence7.8 Controlling an LED Matrix Using Multiplexing7.9 Displaying Images on an LED Matrix7.10 Controlling a Matrix of LEDs: Charlieplexing7.11 Driving a 7-Segment LED Display7.12 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays: Multiplexing7.13 Driving Multidigit, 7-Segment LED Displays with the Fewest Pins7.14 Controlling an Array of LEDs by Using MAX72xx Shift Registers7.15 Increasing the Number of Analog Outputs Using PWM Extender Chips7.16 Using an Analog Panel Meter as a Display
8.0 Introduction8.1 Controlling Rotational Position with a Servo8.2 Controlling Servo Rotation with a Potentiometer or Sensor8.3 Controlling the Speed of Continuous Rotation Servos8.4 Controlling Servos Using Computer Commands8.5 Driving a Brushless Motor (Using a Hobby Speed Controller)8.6 Controlling Solenoids and Relays8.7 Making an Object Vibrate8.8 Driving a Brushed Motor Using a Transistor8.9 Controlling the Direction of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge8.10 Controlling the Direction and Speed of a Brushed Motor with an H-Bridge8.11 Using Sensors to Control the Direction and Speed of Brushed Motors8.12 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor8.13 Driving a Bipolar Stepper Motor (Using the EasyDriver Board)8.14 Driving a Unipolar Stepper Motor with the ULN2003A Driver Chip
9.0 Introduction9.1 Playing Tones9.2 Playing a Simple Melody9.3 Generating More than One Simultaneous Tone9.4 Generating Audio Tones Without Interfering with PWM9.5 Controlling MIDI9.6 Making an Audio Synthesizer9.7 Attain High-Quality Audio Synthesis

10.0 Introduction10.1 Responding to an Infrared Remote Control10.2 Decoding Infrared Remote Control Signals10.3 Imitating Remote Control Signals10.4 Controlling a Digital Camera10.5 Controlling AC Devices by Hacking a Remote-Controlled Switch
11.0 Introduction11.1 Connecting and Using a Text LCD Display11.2 Formatting Text11.3 Turning the Cursor and Display On or Off11.4 Scrolling Text11.5 Displaying Special Symbols11.6 Creating Custom Characters11.7 Displaying Symbols Larger than a Single Character11.8 Displaying Pixels Smaller than a Single Character11.9 Selecting a Graphical LCD Display11.10 Control a Full-Color LCD Display11.11 Control a Monochrome OLED Display
12.0 Introduction12.1 Using millis to Determine Duration12.2 Creating Pauses in Your Sketch12.3 More Precisely Measuring the Duration of a Pulse12.4 Using Arduino as a Clock12.5 Creating an Alarm to Periodically Call a Function12.6 Using a Real-Time Clock
13.0 Introduction13.1 Connecting Multiple I2C Devices13.2 Connecting Multiple SPI Devices13.3 Working with an I2C Integrated Circuit13.4 Increase I/O with an I2C Port Expander13.5 Communicating Between Two or More Arduino Boards13.6 Using the Wii Nunchuck Accelerometer
14.0 Introduction14.1 Sending Messages Using Low-Cost Wireless Modules14.2 Connecting Arduino over a ZigBee or 802.15.4 Network14.3 Sending a Message to a Particular XBee14.4 Sending Sensor Data Between XBees14.5 Activating an Actuator Connected to an XBee14.6 Communicating with Classic Bluetooth Devices14.7 Communicating with Bluetooth Low Energy Devices
15.0 Introduction15.1 Connecting to an Ethernet Network15.2 Obtaining Your IP Address Automatically15.3 Sending and Receiving Simple Messages (UDP)15.4 Use an Arduino with Built-in WiFi15.5 Connect to WiFi with Low-Cost Modules15.6 Extracting Data from a Web Response15.7 Requesting Data from a Web Server Using XML15.8 Setting Up an Arduino to Be a Web Server15.9 Handling Incoming Web Requests15.10 Handling Incoming Requests for Specific Pages15.11 Using HTML to Format Web Server Responses15.12 Requesting Web Data Using Forms (POST)15.13 Serving Web Pages Containing Large Amounts of Data15.14 Sending Twitter Messages15.15 Exchanging Data for the Internet of Things15.16 Publishing Data to an MQTT Broker15.17 Subscribing to Data on an MQTT Broker15.18 Getting the Time from an Internet Time Server
16.0 Introduction16.1 Using the Built-in Libraries16.2 Installing Third-Party Libraries16.3 Modifying a Library16.4 Creating Your Own Library16.5 Creating a Library That Uses Other Libraries16.6 Updating Third-Party Libraries for Arduino 1.0
17.0 Introduction17.1 Understanding the Arduino Build Process17.2 Determining the Amount of Free and Used RAM17.3 Storing and Retrieving Numeric Values in Program Memory17.4 Storing and Retrieving Strings in Program Memory17.5 Using #define and const Instead of Integers17.6 Using Conditional Compilations
18.0 Introduction18.1 Storing Data in Permanent EEPROM Memory18.2 Take Action Automatically When a Pin State Changes18.3 Perform Periodic Actions18.4 Setting Timer Pulse Width and Duration18.5 Creating a Pulse Generator18.6 Changing a Timer’s PWM Frequency18.7 Counting Pulses18.8 Measuring Pulses More Accurately18.9 Measuring Analog Values Quickly18.10 Reducing Battery Drain18.11 Setting Digital Pins Quickly18.12 Uploading Sketches Using a Programmer18.13 Replacing the Arduino Bootloader18.14 Move the Mouse Cursor on a PC or Mac
CapacitorDiodeIntegrated CircuitKeypadLEDMotor (DC)OptocouplerPhotocell (Photoresistor)PiezoPot (Potentiometer)RelayResistorSolenoidSpeakerStepper MotorSwitchTransistorSee Also
How to Read a DatasheetChoosing and Using Transistors for Switching
Using a BreadboardConnecting and Using External Power Supplies and BatteriesUsing Capacitors for DecouplingUsing Snubber Diodes with Inductive LoadsWorking with AC Line Voltages
Code That Won’t CompileCode That Compiles but Does Not Work as Expected
Still Stuck?

Content preview from Arduino Cookbook, 3rd Edition

Digital and Analog Pins

Tables F-1 and F-2 show the digital and analog pins for the Arduino Uno board and the Mega board. The “Arduino” column is for the ATmega168/328, and the “Mega” column is for the ATmega1280/2560.

The Port column lists the physical port used for the pin—see Recipe 18.11 for information on how to set a pin by writing directly to a port. The introduction to Chapter 18 contains more details on timer usage. The table shows:

USART RX is hardware serial receive
USART TX is hardware serial transmit
Ext Int is external interrupt (followed by the interrupt number)
PWM TnA/B is the Pulse Width Modulation (analogWrite) output on timer n
MISO, MOSI, SCK, and SS are SPI control signals
SDA and SCL are I2C control signals

Analog and digital pin assignments common to popular Arduino boards
Arduino 168/328			Arduino Mega (pins 0–19)
Digital pin	Port	Analog pin	Usage	Port	Analog pin	Usage
0	PD 0		USART RX	PE 0		USART0 RX, Pin Int 8
1	PD 1		USART TX	PE 1		USART0 TX
2	PD 2		Ext Int 0	PE 4		PWM T3B, INT4
3	PD 3		PWM T2B, Ext Int 1	PE 5		PWM T3C, INT5
4	PD 4			PG 5		PWM T0B
5	PD 5		PWM T0B	PE 3		PWM T3A
6	PD 6		PWM T0A	PH 3		PWM T4A
7	PD 7			PH 4		PWM T4B
8	PB 0		Input capture	PH 5		PWM T4C
9	PB 1		PWM T1A	PH 6		PWM T2B
10	PB 2		PWM T1B, SS	PB 4		PWM T2A, Pin Int 4
11	PB 3		PWM T2A, MOSI	PB 5