Basic Electrical and Electronics Engineering

14

Semiconductor Devices

TOPICS DISCUSSED

• Atomic theory

• P-type and n-type semiconductor material

• P–n junction

• Forward and reverse-biased p–n junction

• Semiconductor diodes

• Zener diode

• Bipolar junction transistors

• Transistor configurations

• Transistor characteristics

• Transistor as an amplifier

• Field effect transistors

• MOSFET

• SCR

• SCR applications

• TRIAC

• LDR

• LED

• Seven segment displays

• Photodiodes

• Photovoltaic cells

• Phototransistor

• Optocoupler

14.1 Introduction

The transistor, most commonly used in electronic circuits, was invented in 1948. The first integrated circuit (IC) came in the market in the mid 1960s. Through continuous research and development, very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits have been brought in use, resulting in gradual ...