
171Spatial Big Data
include trajectories of cell phones and GPS devices, TD road maps, and vehicle
engine measurements. SBD has the potential to transform society. A recent McKinsey
Global Institute report estimates that SBD, such as personal location data, could save
consumers hundreds of billions of dollars annually by 2020 by helping vehicles avoid
congestion via next-generation routing services such as eco-routing.
(a)
FIGURE 8.11 Comparing KMR and CrimeStat K-means output for k = 4 on pedestrian fatal-
ity data from Orlando, FL. (From Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), National high-
way trafc safety administration (NHTSA), htt ...