
181Exploiting Big VGI to Improve Routing and Navigation Services
9.4 TRADITIONAL ROUTING SERVICES
Vehicle routing is primarily based on digital geographic data. The off turning of selective
availability of GPS by the order of the former US president Bill Clinton in the year
2000 (http://clinton3.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_2.html) was the begin-
ning of a new era of positioning on Earth. Since then, positioning has become more
precise and mobile systems have been able to localize themselves precisely on the road.
Consequently, routing is combined with navigation. The digitization of the existing
streets by mainly two companies (NAVTEQ and ...