C++

10.2    What Is an Exception?

You cannot avoid the really important checks for error states: you have to teach the computer what an error is and what is not. But the passing on of codes is tedious and long-winded. You can also centralize handling for errors that occur in multiple places with a different approach.

Instead of generating and passing on error codes, you can trigger an exception—or, in other words, throw an exception.

// https://godbolt.org/z/j8abxvvvo#include <iostream>            // cout, cerr#include <vector>#include <string>#include <fstream>             // ifstream#include <stdexcept>           // invalid_argumentusing std::vector; using std::string; using std::cout; using std::ifstream;size_t countWords(const string& filename) { // 0 or greater std::ifstream ...