C++

27.2    Global, Predefined Standard Streams

The I/O stream library provides predefined and global stream objects that you have used practically since your first C++ program without knowing what they are. Of course, we are talking about the standard stream objects cin, cout, cerr, and clog from std.

For output, the <ostream> header file contains the cout (standard output), cerr (standard error output, unbuffered), and clog (standard error output, buffered) stream objects. For input, the <istream> header file contains the cin stream object, which can be used for typical user inputs (e.g., from the keyboard).

27.2.1    Stream Operators << and >>

Basically, a data stream is initially nothing more than an unreadable sequence of bytes, which is formatted ...