
x ◾ Contents
Chapter 25: programming languages 231
25.1 MACHINE CODE 231
25.2 INTERPRETATIVE CRUTCHES 232
25.3 THE FIRST HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE: FORTRAN 232
25.4 OVERVIEW: IMPERATIVE PROGRAMMING 233
25.5 OVERVIEW: DECLARATIVE PROGRAMMING 234
25.6 THE SECOND HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE: LISP 234
25.7 OVERVIEW: FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING 235
25.8 STANDARDIZATION AND COMPROMISE:
ALGOL 60 235
25.9 FROM SCIENCE TO BUSINESS: COBOL 237
25.10 BACK TO THE BASICS 238
25.11 OVERVIEW: LOGICAL PROGRAMMING 239
25.12 PROGRAMMING LOGIC: PROLOG 239
25.13 OVERVIEW: OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING 239
25.14 THE FIRST OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE: SMALLTALK 240
25.15 ...