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Chapter 25
Programming Languages
is chapter touches on a number of inuential programming languages
and also discusses the characteristics of several categories of program-
ming paradigms. ese paradigms include imperative, declarative, func-
tional, logical, and object-oriented programming.
While certain languages are commonly known by a particular pro-
gramming paradigm—Fortran is known as an imperative language, LISP
as a functional language—it is oen the case that languages are hybrids to
a certain degree, combining aspects of several paradigms into their speci-
cations. As intricate detail is not the goal of this chapter, subtleties such ...