Formally, NP-completeness is defi ned in terms of “reduction” which is just a complicated way of saying
that one problem is easier than another, in the sense that an algorithm for solving the fi rst one is available,
along with a polynomial time mapping from the second to the fi rst.
We say that A is easier than B, and write A < B, if we can write down an algorithm for solving A that uses
a small number of calls to an algorithm for B (with everything outside the algorithm calls being fast, that is,
polynomial time). There are several minor variations of this defi nition depending on the detailed meaning of ...
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