Till now we have introduced the idea of model-based specifi cation. A specifi cation is based around the
creation of a system model using the following.
1. A collection of operations defi ned by pre- and post-conditions
2. A collection of data structures which are built from well-defi ned primitive types including the set and the
composite.
3. A particular data model called the system state which operations are free to access.
We also introduced a staged method of developing specifi cations along the following lines.
1. Building abstract data structures (in particular a system state), from VDM’s primitive data structures
2. Constructing data type invariants, which embody constraints on ...
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