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Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers, 2nd Edition

Name: Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers, 2nd Edition
Author: Tim Wilmshurst
ISBN: 9780080961842

by Tim Wilmshurst

November 2009

Intermediate to advanced

704 pages

17h 4m

English

Newnes

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Cover Image
Table of Contents
Copyright
Introduction to the first edition
Introduction to the second edition
Acknowledgements
Section 1 Getting Started with Embedded Systems
CHAPTER 1. Tiny computers, hidden control
1.1. The main idea – embedded systems in today's world1.2. Some example embedded systems1.3. Some computer essentials1.4. Microprocessors and microcontrollers1.5. Microchip and the PIC microcontroller1.6. An introduction to PIC microcontrollers using the Baseline Series
Section 2 Minimum Systems and the PIC 16F84A
CHAPTER 2. Introducing the PIC mid-range family and the 16F84A
2.1. The main idea – the PIC mid-range family2.2. An architecture overview of the 16F84A2.3. A review of memory technologies2.4. The 16F84A memory2.5. Some issues of timing2.6. Power-up and Reset2.7. Taking things further – the 16F84A on-chip reset circuit

CHAPTER 3. Parallel ports, power supply and the clock oscillator
3.1. The main idea – parallel input/output3.2. The technical challenge of parallel input/output3.3. Connecting to the parallel port3.4. The PIC 16F84A parallel ports3.5. The clock oscillator3.6. Power supply3.7. The hardware design of the electronic ping-pong game
CHAPTER 4. Starting to program – an introduction to Assembler
4.1. The main idea – what programs do and how we develop them4.2. The PIC 16 Series instruction set, with a little more on the ALU4.3. Assemblers and Assembler format4.4. Adopting a development environment4.5. An introductory MPLAB tutorial4.6. An introduction to simulation4.7. A larger program – using data memory and moving data4.8. Programming for a target piece of hardware – a simple data transfer program4.9. Downloading to a microcontroller4.10. Taking things further: the 16 Series instruction set format
CHAPTER 5. Building Assembler programs
5.1. The main idea – building structure into programs5.2. Conditional branching and working with bits5.3. Subroutines5.4. Generating time delays and intervals5.5. More use of the MPLAB simulator5.6. Introducing logical instructions5.7. Look-up tables5.8. Taming Assembler complexity5.9. The ping-pong program5.10. Simulating the ping-pong program – tutorial5.11. A glance at graphical simulators5.12. Taking things further: indirect addressing and the File Select register
CHAPTER 6. Working with time
6.1. The main idea – interrupts6.2. Working with interrupts6.3. The main idea – counters and timers6.4. Applying the 16F84A Timer 0, with examples using the electronic ping-pong program6.5. The Watchdog Timer6.6. Sleep mode6.7. Taking things further – interrupt latency
Section 3 Larger Systems and the PIC 16F873A
CHAPTER 7. Larger Systems and the PIC 16F873A
7.1. The main idea – the PIC 16F87XA7.2. The 16F873A block diagram and CPU7.3. 16F873A memory and memory maps7.4. ‘Special’ memory operations7.5. The 16F873A interrupts7.6. The 16F873A oscillator, reset and power supply7.7. The 16F873A parallel ports7.8. Test, commission and diagnostic tools7.9. The Microchip in-circuit debugger (ICD 2)7.10. Applying the 16F873A: the Derbot AGV7.11. Downloading, testing and running a simple program with ICD 27.12. Taking things further – the 16F874A/16F877A Ports D and E
CHAPTER 8. The human and physical interfaces
8.1. The main idea – the human interface8.2. From switches to keypads8.3. LED displays8.4. Liquid crystal displays8.5. The main idea – interfacing to the physical world8.6. Some simple sensors8.7. More on digital input8.8. Actuators: motors and servos8.9. Interfacing to actuators8.10. Building the Derbot8.11. Applying sensors and actuators – a ‘blind’ navigation Derbot program
CHAPTER 9. Taking timing further
9.1. The main ideas – taking counting and timing further9.2. The 16F87XA Timer 0 and Timer 19.3. The 16F87XA Timer 2, comparator and PR2 register9.4. The capture/compare/pulse width modulation (CCP) modules9.5. Pulse width modulation9.6. Generating pulse width modulation in software9.7. Pulse width modulation used for digital-to-analog conversion9.8. Frequency measurement9.9. Speed control applied to the Derbot9.10. When there is no timer9.11. Sleep mode9.12. Where do we go from here?9.13. Building the Derbot
CHAPTER 10. Starting with serial
10.1. The main idea – introducing serial10.2. Simple serial links – synchronous data communication10.3. The 16F87XA Master Synchronous Serial Port module in SPI mode10.4. A simple Serial Peripheral Interface example10.5. The limitations of Microwire and Serial Peripheral Interface, and of simple synchronous serial transfer10.6. Enhancing synchronous serial and the Inter-Integrated Circuit bus10.7. The Master Synchronous Serial Port configured for Inter-Integrated Circuit10.8. Inter-Integrated Circuit applied in the Derbot Autonomous Guided Vehicle10.9. Evaluation of synchronous serial data communication and an introduction to asynchronous serial data communication10.10. The 16F87XA Addressable Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART)10.11. Implementing serial without a serial port – ‘bit banging’10.12. Building the Derbot
CHAPTER 11. Data acquisition and manipulation
11.1. The main idea – analog and digital quantities, their acquisition and use11.2. The data acquisition system11.3. The PIC 16F87XA ADC module11.4. Applying the analog-to-digital converter in the Derbot light meter program11.5. Some simple data manipulation techniques11.6. The Derbot light-seeking program11.7. The comparator module11.8. Applying the Derbot circuit for measurement purposes
CHAPTER 12. Some PIC microcontroller advances
12.1. The main idea – higher performance, more flexibility12.2. The 16F87/8812.3. The 16F88312.4. NanoWatt technology12.5. Clock sources and their management12.6. Some enhanced peripherals
Section 4 Smarter Systems and the PIC 18F2420
CHAPTER 13. Smarter systems and the PIC 18F2420
13.1. The main idea – the PIC 18 Series and the 18F242013.2. The 18F2420/2520 block diagram and Status register13.3. The 18 Series instruction set13.4. Data memory and Special Function Registers13.5. Program memory13.6. The Stacks13.7. The interrupts13.8. Power supply and reset13.9. The oscillator sources13.10. Introductory programming with the 18F242013.13. A peripheral review and the parallel ports13.14. The timers13.15. The capture/compare/pulse width modulation modules13.16. The serial ports13.17. The analog-to-digital converter13.18. Applying the 18 Series in the Derbot
CHAPTER 14. Introducing C
14.1. The main idea – why C?14.2. An introduction to C14.3. Compiling the C program14.4. The MPLAB C18 compiler14.5. A C18 tutorial14.6. Simulating a C program14.7. A second C example – the Fibonacci program14.8. The MPLAB C18 libraries14.9. Further reading
CHAPTER 15. C and the embedded environment
15.1. The main idea – adapting C to the embedded environment15.2. Controlling and branching on bit values15.3. More on functions15.4. More branching and looping15.5. Using the timer and pulse width modulation peripherals
CHAPTER 16. Acquiring and using data with C
16.1. The main idea – using C for data manipulation16.2. Data acquisition in C16.3. Pointers, arrays and strings16.4. Using the Inter-Integrated Circuit peripheral16.5. Formatting data for display
CHAPTER 17. More C and the wider C environment
17.1. The main idea – more C and the wider C environment17.2. Assembler inserts17.3. Controlling memory allocation17.4. Interrupts17.5. Example with interrupt on overflow – flashing LEDs on the Derbot17.6. Storage classes and their application17.7. Start-up code: c018i.c17.8. Structures, unions and bit-fields17.9. Processor-specific header files17.10. Taking things further – the MPLAB Linker and the .map file
CHAPTER 18. Multi-tasking and the real-time operating system
18.1. The main ideas – the challenges of multi-tasking and real time18.2. Achieving multi-tasking with sequential programming18.3. The real-time operating system18.4. Scheduling and the scheduler18.5. Developing tasks18.6. Data and resource protection – the semaphore18.7. Where do we go from here?
CHAPTER 19. The Salvo real-time operating system
19.1. The main idea – Salvo, an example RTOS19.2. Configuring the Salvo application19.3. Writing Salvo programs19.4. A first Salvo example19.5. Using interrupts, delays and semaphores with Salvo19.6. Using Salvo messages and increasing real-time operating system complexity19.7. A program example with messages19.8. The real-time operating system overhead
Section 5 Where Can We Go from Here? Distributed Systems, Bigger Systems
CHAPTER 20. Connectivity and networks
20.1. The main idea – networking and connectivity20.2. Infrared connectivity20.3. Radio connectivity20.4. Controller Area Network and Local Interconnect Network20.5. The Universal Serial Bus20.6. Embedded systems and the Internet
CHAPTER 21. Moving beyond 8-bit
21.1. The main idea – why we need more than 8-bit21.2. A 16-bit PIC overview21.3. The PIC24F family21.4. The dsPIC digital signal controller21.5. The PIC32 32-bit microcontroller21.6. A last and final conclusion
APPENDIX 1. The PIC 16 Series instruction set
APPENDIX 2. The electronic ping-pong program
APPENDIX 3. The Derbot AGV – hardware design details
APPENDIX 4. Some basics of Autonomous Guided Vehicles
APPENDIX 5. The PIC 18 Series instruction set
APPENDIX 6. Essentials of C
Index

Content preview from Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers, 2nd Edition

CHAPTER 18. Multi-tasking and the real-time operating system

Almost every embedded system has more than one activity that it needs to perform. A program for the Derbot AGV, for example, may need to sense its environment through bump and light sensors, measure the distance it has moved, and hence calculate and implement drive values for its motors. As a system becomes more complicated, it becomes increasingly difficult to balance the needs of the different things it does. Each will compete for CPU time and may therefore cause delays in other areas of the system. The program needs a way of dividing its time ‘fairly’ between the different demands laid upon it.

An important parallel aspect of the need to time-share the CPU is the need to ensure ...

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Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers

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Designing Embedded Systems with PIC Microcontrollers, 2nd Edition

by Tim Wilmshurst

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