May 2008
Intermediate to advanced
340 pages
9h 41m
English
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8.6 BLACKOUTS AND CHAOTIC PHENOMENA
Expansion of the power system is expensive and takes a long time; the erection of a new overhead transmission line requires years of negotiation with the landowners, discussions with environmentalists, and – last but not least – it takes time to actually build it. This time-consuming process, in combination with the annual growth of the electricity consumption, means that the power system is operated closer to its limits. Network congestion becomes an important issue and FACTS (see section 5.6 (Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS))) devices are installed to keep the operation of the system within safe margins. FACTS devices, in turn, increase the complexity of the power system. The same applies to the growing penetration level of (power-) electronic interfaces in the system; many domestic loads are connected to the supply by converters (take a PC for instance) and distributed generators, especially the ones powered by primary energy sources with a rather unpredictable behavior, are generally connected to the grid by a power-electronic interface. The converters introduce harmonics in the system and resonance at certain harmonic frequencies can happen. Power electronics also introduce nonlinear behavior in the system and chaotic phenomena might occur in the near future. Accordingly, large system blackouts will probably happen more often.
8.6.1 Nonlinear Phenomena and Chaos
The alteration of the number of solutions of a dynamic system, as a ...
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