E.5 COMPARISON OF THE THREE LINE MODELS
The line models are put together in Table E.1 for easy comparison.
Table E.1 Line models for various line lengths.

Example E.1 Comparison of the three line models at a line length of 40 km
A three-phase transmission line is 40 km long. It has a total series impedance of Z = 5 + j20 = 20:6
76° Ω and a total shunt admittance of y = j133 × 10−6 =133 × 10−6
90° S. At the receiving end, a three-phase active power of 40 MW is consumed at a voltage of 220 kV with a power factor 0.9 lagging. The voltage at the sending end will be computed by using the three line models.
First, the current at the receiving end will be computed:

The voltage at the sending end when using the short line model equals:
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The voltage at the sending end when using the medium-length line model equals:
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The voltage at the sending end when using the long line model equals:
A comparison ...
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