January 2026
Beginner to intermediate
796 pages
20h 13m
English
Content preview from Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, 3rd Edition
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EXAMPLE 7.50
An electromagnetic wave travelling in free space is incident on dielectric medium with εr = 4 at an angle of 45°. Find the angle by which 
tilts as the wave crosses the boundary.
SOLUTION
Given that, the electromagnetic wave from free space (medium 1) is incident obliquely at an angle of 45° with a dielectric (medium 2). The angle of tilt of 
in medium 2 is nothing but the angle of transmission θt.
For free space, ε1 = εr1ε0 = ε0 and for dielectric, ε2 = εr2ε0 = 4ε0.
From Snell’s law of refraction,
That is,
Hence, the angle ...
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