Environmental Health

92 Environmental Health: Indoor Exposures, Assessments and Interventions

[15] studied PM

2.5

, PM

10

, benzene, and black smoke in 24 schools in the Netherlands

and found that PM

2.5

and black smoke increased with truck traffi c and decreased with

distance from highways (40, 000–170, 000 veh/d).

FIGURE 1 Ultrafine particle size distribution (top panel) and normalized particle number

concentration for different size ranges (bottom panel) as a function of distance from a highway

in Los Angeles. From Zhu et al. [8]. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.

Pollutants from Vehicle Exhaust Near Highways 93

In summary, the literature shows that UFP, BC, ...