1.10 NON–VON NEUMANN MODELS
Until recently, almost all general-purpose computers followed the von Neumann design. That is, the architecture consisted of a CPU, memory, and I/O devices, and they had single storage for instructions and data, as well as a single bus used for fetching instructions and transferring data. von Neumann computers execute instructions sequentially and are therefore extremely well suited to sequential processing. However, the von Neumann bottleneck has been overcome by engineers looking for ways to build fast systems that are inexpensive and compatible with the vast body of commercially available software; IBM, Microsoft, Google, Cray, and HP, just to name a few, have designed non–von Neumann architectures.
Engineers who ...
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