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Chapter 26

VU Meters and Devices

by Glen Ballou

26.2 Standard VU Meters

26.2.1 Meter Ballistics

26.2.2 Reference Levels

26.2.3 VU Meter Impedance

26.2.4 VU Impedance Level Correction

26.2.5 Voltages at Various Impedances

26.3 Wide-Range VU Meters

26.4 Bar Graph VU and Spectrum Analyzers

26.5 Power-Level Meters

26.6 Power-Output Meters

26.7 Peak Program Meters

26.7.1 DIN 45406 Standard

26.7.2 British Broadcast Standard

26.7.3 Nordic N9 Standard

26.8 AES/EBU Digital Peak Meter

26.9 Loudness Meters

26.10 Surround Sound Analyzer

26.1 General

To operate a sound recording or reproducing system properly, some method for determining the signal levels in different parts of the system to avoid overloading, noise, and distortion ...

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