book

Internet of Things

by Simone Cirani, Gianluigi Ferrari, Marco Picone, Luca Veltri

November 2018

Intermediate to advanced

408 pages

10h 47m

English

Wiley

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1.1 What is the Internet of Things?1.2 Wireless Ad‐hoc and Sensor Networks: The Ancestors without IP1.3 IoT‐enabled Applications
2.1 “Traditional” Internet Review2.2 The Internet of Things2.3 The Industrial IoT
3.1 Applications in the IoT3.2 The Verticals: Cloud‐based Solutions3.3 REST Architectures: The Web of Things3.4 The Web of Things3.5 Messaging Queues and Publish/Subscribe Communications3.6 Session Initiation for the IoT3.7 Performance Evaluation3.8 Optimized Communications: the Dual‐network Management Protocol3.9 Discoverability in Constrained Environments3.10 Data Formats: Media Types for Sensor Markup Language
4.1 Service and Resource Discovery4.2 Local and Large‐scale Service Discovery4.3 Scalable and Self‐configuring Architecture for Service Discovery in the IoT4.4 Lightweight Service Discovery in Low‐power IoT Networks4.5 Implementation Results
5.1 Security Issues in the IoT5.2 Security Mechanisms Overview5.3 Privacy Issues in the IoT
6.1 Cloud Computing6.2 Big Data Processing Pattern6.3 Big Stream6.4 Big Stream and Security6.5 Fog Computing and the IoT6.6 The Role of the IoT Hub
7.1 Hardware for the IoT7.2 Software for the IoT7.3 Vision and Architecture of a Testbed for the Web of Things7.4 Wearable Computing for the IoT: Interaction Patterns with Smart Objects in RESTful Environments7.5 Effective Authorization for the Web of Things

Content preview from Internet of Things

3Interoperability

3.1 Applications in the IoT

Costs, limited size and minimal energy consumption are a few of the reasons that IoT devices have limited computational capabilities. Because of these functional and economic requirements, smart objects, especially those that are battery‐powered, cannot afford to have heavy processing loads and use expensive communication protocols. On the one hand, limited processing capabilities means that it is hard to process large messages. On the other hand, less processing means lower energy consumption. As a result, IoT devices typically need to minimize the amount of transmitted data.

Devices that operate in low‐power and lossy networks (LLNs), can greatly benefit from lightweight protocols. Large messages result in more fragments (6LoWPAN), which introduce overhead: due to the unstable nature of LLNs, transmitting more fragments can require multiple retransmissions before a whole message can be successfully reconstructed by the receiver. These retransmissions may result in more delay and energy consumption.

Communication protocols are specific communication paradigms, which can be classified into two categories: request/response and publish/subscribe (pub/sub). Specific application scenarios have requirements that drive the choice of the most suitable communication paradigm (and protocol). The question of which architecture fits best does not have a clear “one‐for‐all” answer.