20 X-ray Holography
20.1 Introduction
Holography with X-rays enables much greater resolution than is possible with visible light, to the extent that images of individual atoms may be obtained in holographic reconstruction. Femtosecond X-ray laser pulses facilitate the study of short timescale chemical and biological processes. The transparency of many materials to X-rays is also an advantage. X-ray diffraction has been very successful but can fail to determine atom positions in crystalline materials with certainty. Electron holography (Chapter 21) has been successfully implemented as well, but multiple scattering with accompanying large phase shifts can cause severe aberration in the images. On the other hand, ...
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