November 2023
Intermediate to advanced
512 pages
11h 53m
Chinese
Content preview from 利用 Python 进行数据分析：原书第 3 版
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266
|
第
9
章
9.1 matplotlib API
入门
使用
matplotlib
时，通常使用如下导入约定：
在
Jupyter
中运行 %matplotlib notebook（或在
IPython
中运行 %matplotlib），就可以
创建一个简单的图形。如果一切设置正确，会看到如图
9-1
所示的线形图：
图 9-1：简单的线形图
虽然
seaborn
这样的库和
pandas
的内置绘图函数能够处理许多普通的绘图任务，但如果
需要自定义一些高级功能的话，就必须学习
matplotlib API
。
虽然本书没有足够的篇幅从广度和深度上详细介绍
matplotlib
的各种功能，
但足够读者做入门学习了。
matplotlib
的示例图库和文档是学习高级特性的最
好资源。
9.1.1
图和子图
matplotlib
的图像位于 Figure 对象中。你可以用 plt.figure 创建一张新图：
绘图和可视化
|
267
在
IPython
中，如果首次运行%matplotlib 设置环境，就会弹出一个空窗口。但在
Jupyter
中什么也不展示，必须再输入更多命令才能看到。
plt.figure 有一些选项，特别是 figsize，用于当图片保存到磁盘时，确保图片具有一
定的大小和宽高比。
不能在空 Figure 对象上绘图。必须用 add_subplot ...
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