April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
248 pages
6h 19m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Linux eficiente na linha de comandos
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Capítulo 2. Introduzindo o Shell
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Assim, podes executar comandos num prompt. Mas o que é esse prompt? De onde vem, como é que os teus comandos são executados e porque é que isso é importante?
Esse pequeno prompt é produzido por um programa chamado shell. É uma interface de usuário que fica entre você e o sistema operacional Linux. O Linux fornece vários shells, e o mais comum (e o padrão para este livro) é chamado bash . (Veja o Apêndice B para notas sobre outros shells).
bash e outros shells fazem muito mais do que simplesmente executar comandos. Por exemplo, quando um comando inclui um curinga (*) para se referir a vários arquivos ao mesmo tempo:
$ ls *.py data.py main.py user_interface.py
o wildcard é tratado inteiramente pela shell, não pelo programals. A shell avalia a expressão *.py e substitui-a invisivelmente por uma lista de nomes de ficheiros correspondentes antes de correr ls. Por outras palavras, ls nunca vê o wildcard. Da perspetiva dels, digitaste o seguinte comando:
$ ls data.py main.py user_interface.py
A shell também lida com os pipes que viste no Capítulo 1. Redirecciona stdin e stdout de forma transparente para que os programas envolvidos não façam ideia que estão a comunicar uns com os outros.
Sempre que um comando é executado, alguns passos são da responsabilidade do programa invocado, tal como ls, e alguns são da responsabilidade da shell. ...
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