April 2025
Intermediate to advanced
248 pages
6h 19m
Portuguese (Portugal, Brazil)
Content preview from Linux eficiente na linha de comandos
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... log de um servidor web para processar suas linhas da mais nova para a mais antiga:
192.168.1.34 - - [30/Nov/2021:23:37:39 -0500] "GET / HTTP/1.1" ... 192.168.1.10 - - [01/Dec/2021:00:02:11 -0500] "GET /notes.html HTTP/1.1" ... 192.168.1.8 - - [01/Dec/2021:00:04:30 -0500] "GET /stuff.html HTTP/1.1" ... ⋮
As linhas estão em ordem cronológica com carimbos de data e hora, mas não estão em ordem alfabética ou numérica, portanto o comando sort -r não é útil. O comando tac pode reverter essas linhas sem precisar considerar as marcas de tempo.
O comando colar
O comando paste combina ficheiros lado a lado em colunas separadas por um único carácter de tabulação. É um parceiro do comando cut, que extrai colunas de um ficheiro separado por tabulação:
$ cat title-words1 EFFICIENT AT COMMAND $ cat title-words2 linux the line $ paste title-words1 title-words2 EFFICIENT linux AT the COMMAND line $ paste title-words1 title-words2 | cut -f2 cut & paste are complementary linux the line
Altera o separador para outro carácter, como uma vírgula, com a opção -d (que significa "delimitador"):
$ paste -d, title-words1 title-words2 EFFICIENT,linux AT,the COMMAND,line
Transpõe a saída, produzindo linhas coladas em vez de colunas coladas, com aopção-s:
$ paste -d, -s title-words1 title-words2 EFFICIENT,AT,COMMAND linux,the,line
paste também intercala dados de dois ou mais ficheiros se alterar o separador para um carácter de nova linha (\n):
$ paste -d "\n" title-words1 title-words2 EFFICIENT linux AT the ...
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