Linux Shell Scripting Cookbook - Third Edition

Gathering socket data with ss

The daemons started by init and xinetd may not be the only services running on a system. Daemons can be started by commands in an init local file (/etc/rc.d/rc.local), a crontab entry, or even by a user with privileges.

The ss command returns socket statistics, including services using sockets, and current socket status.