Mac OS X Tiger in a Nutshell

Command Substitution

Table 5-33. Command substitution syntax

Syntax	Meaning
!	Begin a history substitution.
!!	Previous command.
!N	Command number N in history list.
!-N	Nth command back from current command.
!string	Most recent command that starts with string.
!?string?	Most recent command that contains string.
!?string?%	Most recent command argument that contains string.
!$	Last argument of previous command.
!#	The current command up to this point.
!!string	Previous command, then append string.
!N string	Command N, then append string.
!{s1}s2	Most recent command starting with string s1, then append string s2.
^old^new^	Quick substitution; change string old to new in previous command, and execute modified command.