August 2021
Intermediate to advanced
450 pages
4h 46m
Chinese
Content preview from 面向对象的思考过程（原书第5版）
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10.2 Smalltalk的模型/视图/控制器
纵观历史，不得不提Smalltalk中引入的模型/视图/控制器（MVC）。其他面向对象的语言也使用了这种模式。MVC经常用来演示设计模式的起源。在SmallTalk中模型/视图/控制器范式用于创建用户接口。SmallTalk大概是第一个广受欢迎的面向对象的语言。
Smalltalk
Smalltalk是Xerox PARC提出的几个伟大的想法的最终结果。这些想法包括鼠标以及使用视窗环境等。Smalltalk是一门精彩的语言，它提供了所有面向对象的语言需要遵循的根本特性。对于C++的抱怨之一是它不是真正的面向对象语言，而Smalltalk则是真正的面向对象的语言。尽管在应用面向对象的早期C++有更多的追随者，而Smalltalk始终有一个非常专注的核心支持团队。Java是一个最受C++开发人员喜爱的面向对象的语言。
设计模式以以下方式定义了MVC组件：模型是应用程序对象，视图是屏幕展示，控制器则定义了用户接口如何响应用户输入。
之前的范式的问题在于模型、视图和控制器都被集中到了单个实体中。例如，单个对象会包括这三个部分。使用MVC范式，这三个部件被分离开来并且拥有截然不同的接口。所以如果你想修改应用程序的用户接口，你只需修改视图即可。图10.1演示了MVC设计。
图10.1 模型/视图/控制器范式
学习面向对象的开发过程其实就是关于接口与实现的设计问题。我们想尽可能地隔离接口和实现，也想尽可能隔离不同的接口。例如，如果多个接口之间没有任何关联（或者解决方案与问题无关），那么就不需要组合这些接口。MVC是实践接口分离的先锋之一。MVC明确地定义了特定的组件之间的接口，这些不同的组件一起解决了一个非常通用的且基本的编程问题。这个编程问题就是创建用户接口，并且建立业务逻辑和业务背后的数据之间的联系。 ...
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