Millimeter Wave Antennas for 5G Mobile Terminals and Base Stations

Table of contents

1. Cover
2. Half Title
3. Title Page
4. Copyright Page
5. Dedication
6. Table of Contents
7. Preface
8. About the Authors
9. Abbreviations
10. 1. Introduction
    1. 1.1 Need for Millimeter Waves
    2. 1.2 Antennas for Cellular Communications
    3. 1.3 Contrast between 4G and 5G Architectures
    4. 1.4 Antenna Designs for mmWave 5G Mobile Terminals and Base Stations
       1. 1.4.1 Antennas for Mobile Terminals
       2. 1.4.2 Antennas for Base Stations
    5. 1.5 Antennas beyond 5G
    6. 1.6 Outline of the Book
    7. References
11. 2. Conformal Antennas for Mobile Terminals
    1. 2.1 Introduction
    2. 2.2 Typical Requirements for Mobile Antennas
    3. 2.3 CPW-fed Wideband Corner Bent Antenna for 5G Mobile Terminals
       1. 2.3.1 CPW-fed Wideband Antenna
       2. 2.3.2 CPW-fed Corner Bent Antenna
       3. 2.3.3 CPW-fed Corner Bent Antenna with Reflector
    4. 2.4 A wideband High Gain Conformal Antenna for mmWave 5G Smartphones
    5. 2.5 Design Guidelines for CPW-fed Conformal Antennas at Ka Band
    6. 2.6 Conclusion
    7. References
12. 3. Flexible Antennas for Mobile Terminals
    1. 3.1 Introduction
    2. 3.2 Overview of Flexible Substrates for mmWave Applications
    3. 3.3 Corner Bent Patch Antenna for Portrait Mode
    4. 3.4 Corner Bent Tapered Slot Antenna for Landscape Mode
    5. 3.5 Dielectric Loaded Polycarbonate-Based Vivaldi Antenna
    6. 3.6 Conclusion
    7. References
13. 4. Compact Antennas with Pattern Diversity
    1. 4.1 Introduction
    2. 4.2 CPW-fed Conformal Folded Dipole with Pattern Diversity
       1. 4.2.1 CPW-Fed Folded Dipole
       2. 4.2.2 Conformal Folded Dipole Backed by Reflector
    3. 4.3 Conformal Antennas with Pattern Diversity
       1. 4.3.1 Mobile Terminal Usage Modes
       2. 4.3.2 Conformal Patch Antenna
       3. 4.3.3 Conformal Tapered Slot Antenna
       4. 4.3.4 Conformal TSA with Parasitic Ellipse
       5. 4.3.5 Conformal Pattern Diversity
    4. 4.4 Case Studies: Measurement in a Typical Indoor Environment
    5. 4.5 Conclusion
    6. References
14. 5. Pattern Diversity Antennas for Base Stations
    1. 5.1 Introduction
    2. 5.2 Pattern Diversity of Path Loss Compensated Antennas for 5G Base Stations
       1. 5.2.1 mmWave Tapered Slot Antenna
       2. 5.2.2 Dielectric and Metamaterial Loaded TSA
       3. 5.2.3 Pattern Diversity
    3. 5.3 Path Loss Compensated Pattern Diversity Antennas with 3D Printed Radome
       1. 5.3.1 3D Printed Radome for a Patch Antenna
       2. 5.3.2 Pattern Diversity with 3D Printed Radome
    4. 5.4 Path Loss Compensated Module with Progressive Offset ZIM
       1. 5.4.1 Central Element: Tapered Slot Antenna
       2. 5.4.2 Spatially Modulated ZIM Loaded Antenna
       3. 5.4.3 Stacked Pattern Diversity
    5. 5.5 Path Loss Compensated Quasi-Reflector Module
    6. 5.6 Design Guidelines for High Aperture Efficiency Antenna
    7. 5.7 Case Studies: Measurement in a Typical Indoor Environment
    8. 5.8 Conclusion
    9. References
15. 6. Shared Aperture Antenna with Pattern Diversity for Base Stations
    1. 6.1 Introduction
    2. 6.2 Shared Aperture Antenna
    3. 6.3 DPZIM Design and Characterization
    4. 6.4 Shared Aperture Antenna with DPZIM
    5. 6.5 Design Guidelines for High-Gain Dual-Polarized Antenna Module
    6. 6.6 Conclusion
    7. References
16. 7. Co-Design of 4G LTE and mmWave 5G Antennas for Mobile Terminals
    1. 7.1 Introduction
    2. 7.2 Miniaturization Techniques for Antenna Size Reduction
    3. 7.3 Conformal 4G LTE MIMO Antenna Design
       1. 7.3.1 CRLH-Based Conformal 4G LTE Antenna
       2. 7.3.2 Compact CRLH-Based Conformal 4G LTE MIMO Antenna
    4. 7.4 Conformal mmWave 5G MIMO Antenna
    5. 7.5 Corner Bent Integrated Design of 4G LTE and mmWave 5G Antennas
       1. 7.5.1 4G LTE Antenna Design
       2. 7.5.2 mmWave 5G Antenna Design
       3. 7.5.3 Co-Designed Corner Bent 4G LTE and mmWave 5G MIMO Antennas
    6. 7.6 Case Study: Co-Design of 4G and 5G Antennas in a Smartphone
    7. 7.7 Conclusion
    8. References
17. 8. Corner Bent Phased Array for 5G Mobile Terminals
    1. 8.1 Introduction
    2. 8.2 Phased Array Designs for mmWave Frequencies
    3. 8.3 Need for Corner Bent Phased Array
    4. 8.4 Corner Bent Phased Array on Polycarbonate
    5. 8.5 Design Guidelines for a Phased Array at Ka Band
    6. 8.6 Conclusion
    7. References
18. 9. Fabrication and Measurement Challenges at mmWaves
    1. 9.1 Introduction
    2. 9.2 Fabrication Process and Associated Tolerances
    3. 9.3 S-parameter Measurements
    4. 9.4 Pattern Measurements and Sources of Error
    5. 9.5 Gain Measurements
    6. 9.6 Conclusion
    7. References
19. 10.  Research Avenues in Antenna Designs for 5G and beyond
    1. 10.1 Introduction
    2. 10.2 PCB-Based Antenna Designs for 5G Cellular Devices
    3. 10.3 Application of Additive Manufacturing for Antennas
       1.   10.3.1 A Dual Band mmWave Antenna on 3D Printed Substrate
    4. 10.4 On-Chip Antennas for CMOS Circuitry
       1.   10.4.1 A Wideband CPS-Fed Dipole on Silicon
    5. 10.5 Optically Transparent Antennas
    6. 10.6 Conclusion
    7. References
20. Appendices
    1. Appendix A: Hints for Simulations in Ansys HFSS
       1. A.1 Modelling
    2. Appendix B: Measurement Issues with End-Launch Connector
    3. Appendix C: Material Parameters’ Extraction Using S-parameters
    4. Appendix D: Useful MATLAB Codes
    5. References
21. Index