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Co-Design of 4G LTE and mmWave 5G Antennas for Mobile Terminals
7.1Introduction
The increasing demand for data rates has provoked researchers across the world to design cellular hardware ecosystems for backward compatibility. The evolution in smartphones has provoked microwave engineers to develop sub-systems that are compatible with existing protocols. New technologies have evolved and are producing portable devices that will include Long Term Evolution (LTE) for both voice and data applications.
LTE technology typically consists of three operating low-frequency bands: LTE700 (698–787 MHz), LTE2300/Class 40 band (2300–2400 MHz) and LTE2500/Class 7 band (2500–2690 MHz) [1]. Future transceivers must also accommodate mmWave 5G hardware. ...
