
13
Figure 1.10 Doppler frequency shift and angle to transmitter
In a radar situation Doppler effect occurs on the path to the target
and also to the reflected signal so that the above formula is modified to:
f
d
=
2V
C
f
t
where f
d
is now the total frequency shift.
1.6 Methods of propagation
The effects of all of the above phenomena vary with frequency and
are used in the selection of frequencies for specific purposes. The
behaviour of waves of different frequencies gives rise to the principal
types of wave propagation.
Ground wave propagation
Waves in the bands from very low frequencies (VLF, 3–30 kHz),
low frequencies (LF, 30–300 kHz) and medium frequencies (MF, ...