Chapter at a GlanceChargeConductorsInsulatorsCharging by InductionBasic Properties of Electric ChargesAdditivity of ChargeQuantization of ChargeConservation of ChargeForces between Multiple Charges: Superposition PrincipleContinuous Charge DistributionElectric FieldElectric Field Intensity (E)Electric Field due to a Point ChargeElectric Field due to System of ChargesProperties of Electric Field LinesElectric Field of a Ring of ChargeElectric Flux (ϕE)Gauss’ TheoremApplications of Gauss’ TheoremElectric DipoleElectric Dipole Moment, p = q × 2a Electric Field Intensity Due to an Electric DipolePotential Energy of a Dipole in a Uniform Electric FieldTorque on Dipole in a Uniform External FieldWork DonePotential EnergyDipole in Non-uniform Electric FieldTest Your KnowledgeAnswer Key Hints and Explanations