Perl Cookbook

Creating Arrays of Scalar References

Problem

You want to create and manipulate an array of references to scalars. This arises when you pass variables by reference to a function to let the function change their values.

Solution

To create an array, either backslash each scalar in the list to store in the array:

@array_of_scalar_refs = ( \$a, \$b );

or simply backslash the entire list, taking advantage of the backslash operator’s distributive property:

@array_of_scalar_refs = \( $a, $b );

To get or set the value of an element of the list, use ${ ... }:

${ $array_of_scalar_refs[1] } = 12;         # $b = 12

Discussion

In the following examples, @array is a simple array containing references to scalars (an array of references is not a reference to an array). To access the original data indirectly, braces are critical.

($a, $b, $c, $d) = (1 .. 4);        # initialize
@array =  (\$a, \$b, \$c, \$d);     # refs to each scalar
@array = \( $a,  $b,  $c,  $d);     # same thing!
@array = map { \my $anon } 0 .. 3;  # allocate 4 anon scalarresf

${ $array[2] } += 9;                # $c now 12

${ $array[ $#array ] } *= 5;        # $d now 20
${ $array[-1] }        *= 5;        # same; $d now 100

$tmp   = $array[-1];                # using temporary
$$tmp *= 5;                         # $d now 500

The two assignments to @array are equivalent —the backslash operator is distributive across a list. So preceding a list (not an array) with a backslash is the same as applying a backslash to everything in that list. The ensuing code changes the values of the variables whose references were stored in the array.

Here’s ...