Variables
$var
A simple scalar variable.
$p = \$var
Now
$p
is a reference to scalar$var.
$$p
The scalar referenced by
$p.
@var
An array. In scalar context, the number of elements in the array.
$var[6]
Seventh element of array
@var.
$var[-1]
The last element of array
@var.
$p = \@var
Now
$p
is a reference to array@var.
$$p[6]
or$p->[6]
Seventh element of array referenced by
$p.
${$p[6]}
The scalar referenced by
$p[6].
$p = \$var[6]
Now
$p
is a reference to the seventh element of array@var.
$p = [1,3,'ape']
Now
$p
is a reference to an anonymous array with three elements.$var[$i][$j]
$j
-th element of$i
-th element of array@var.
$#var
Last index of array
@var
.@var[3,4,5]
A slice of array
@var.
%var
A hash. In scalar context, true if the hash has elements.
$var{'red'}
or$var{red}
A value from hash
%var.
The hash key may be specified without quotes if it is simple identifier.$p = \%var
Now
$p
is a reference to hash%var.
$$p{'red'}
or$p->{'red'}
A value from the hash referenced by
$p.
${$p{'red'}}
The scalar referenced by
$p{'red'}.
$p = {red => 1, blue => 2, yellow => 3}
Now
$p
is a reference to an anonymous hash with three elements.@var{'a','b'}
A slice of
%var
; same as($var{'a'},$var{'b'})
.$var{'a'}[1]
Multidimensional hash.
$var{'a',1, ... }
Emulated multidimensional hash (obsolete).
$c = \&mysub
Now
$c
is a reference to subroutinemysub.
$c = sub {
. . .}
Now
$c
is a reference to an anonymous subroutine.&$c(
args)
or$c->(
args)
A call to the subroutine via the reference.
$MyPackage::var
Variable
$var
from package ...
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