WORKING WITH THE OPERATING SYSTEM
Interacting with the operating system includes everything from determining the environment in which the interpreter and your script are running, the user and process environment and also controlling and communicating with external aspects such as files and filesystems.
In Perl many of these facilities are handled either through a built-in variable, for example %ENV or $>, or using one of the built-in functions such as chdir(). The rest of this functionality is augmented through certain external modules. For example the Cwd modules supply the interface to the getcwd() system call.
In Python most of this functionality is handled by the os module although some other modules provide generic interfaces to other systems. ...
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