
110 • Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
due to a bee sting. e doctor immediately recognizes the symptoms and
attempts to administer a shot of epinephrine. What if the epinephrine were
not available? e same social incentive applies to medical facilities as well.
As humans, we cannot adequately forecast these scenarios, and our
best social response is to produce enough of the products necessary for
demand to always be met. In this imperfect world this always leads to an
excess supply. With the passage of time, excess supply transforms into
excess risk as the drugs move past their expiration date.
Most manufacturers accept it as a cost of doing business ...