1.1. Introduction1.2. Single-stage DC–AC converter1.3. Line-commutated photovoltaic inverter1.4. Self-commutated photovoltaic inverter with line frequency transformer1.5. Grid-tie inverters1.6. Inverter with high-frequency core-based transformer1.7. Half-bridge zero-voltage state converters1.8. H-bridge inverter1.9. Summary