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8
Bar Charts
8.1 Introduction
A bar chart is a graph with rectangular bars with lengths that are propor-
tional to the values that they represent. The bars can be plotted vertically or
horizontally (Wikipedia). A bar chart is an alternative to line plots to display
the mean or midpoint response when the response is categorized by a dis-
crete value. Bar charts are usually used to compare a response value among
specic categories.
Bar charts have applications in many areas, including clinical research,
agriculture, and education.
8.2 Application Examples
To illustrate the application and production of bar charts, two examples
with three sampl ...