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O'Reilly Platform
book
数据压缩入门
by
Colt McAnlis
,
Aleks Haecky
April 2020
Intermediate to advanced
210 pages
4h 47m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
数据压缩入门
压缩图像数据
|
149
公司图像类型
JPG质量值
谷歌图片缩略图
74~76
Facebook
原尺寸图片
85
Yahoo
首页
JPG
图片
69~91
YouTube
首页
JPG
图片
70~82
维基百科图片
80
Windows Live
背景图片
82
Twitter
用户
JPG
图片
30~100
这里的问题是,这些选定的值不太理想。它们通常是在脱离实际的环境中选定的一个值,
然后被应用到了整个系统中的所有图像上。实际上,有些图像可以进一步压缩,其质量的
损失可以忽略不计,而另一些图像则因为压缩得太多而看起来不太好。
12.1.1
是什么降低了图像的质量
在看图像时,人类的眼睛对很多事物很敏感,其中包括边缘和渐变。
3
任何时候,当两个已知值之间的边缘出错,或者出现了与大脑认为的平滑颜色不一致的搭
配,都会很容易察觉(见图
12-2
)
4
。
图
12-2
:完全平滑的渐变图(左)与压缩后的渐变图(右)。左边的源图片有近
128
种不同的颜色,
而压缩后的图片则只有
32
种。这种由于颜色的缺失而造成的现象通常称为“色彩断层”
(
banding
),它降低了渐变图像的平滑质量
量化
(
quantization
)和
区块化
(
blocking
)是导致图像压缩出现视觉问题的最常见的两种
形式。大多数图像压缩算法将图像数据先切分为像素块,然后再量化,以减少图像中不同
注
3
:
看一张图片时,通过直觉我们就能感受到画的质量好不好。因此,虽然“质量”这样的表达可能有些
含糊,但它其实包含了颜色准确性、清晰度、对比度和失真度这些概念。而我们真正想要的是度量质
量的能力,这一内容随后会展开。 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115534170