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O'Reilly Platform
book
数据压缩入门
by
Colt McAnlis
,
Aleks Haecky
April 2020
Intermediate to advanced
210 pages
4h 47m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from
数据压缩入门
150
|
第
12
章
的颜色数量,再在此基础上基于图像的局部性进行修改。
例如,
JPG
会将图像的像素切分为
8
×
8
的小块,然后试着找出与此区域相似的颜色。这
种方法之所以可行,是因为图像数据局部区域之间存在关联。也就是说,在一幅真正随机
的图像中,两个相邻的像素之间并不会存在相关性;然而在一张照片中,两个相邻的像素
之间往往是渐变的,颜色相似。这种区块化过程造成的结果是,相邻区块之间的颜色可能
不太相同,区块之间的边缘因此也就变得很明显,如图
12-3
所示。
图
12-3
:用于展示区块效应影响的莱娜图特写
事实上,当前已有很多研究致力于弄清楚由于压缩而导致的不同类型的视觉伪影(
visual
artifacts
)。
12.1.2
度量图像质量
人脑虽然可以本能地觉察到并界定出哪些图像质量很糟糕,但在需要自动判断经压缩处理
后图像质量“好不好”时,它不起太大作用。因此,提出一种数学上的、可度量的,因而
能用编程实现的“图像质量”概念就变得尤为重要。
如今,人们通常使用相互之间有些竞争的两个指标来评价图像数据:
峰值信噪比
(
peak
signal-to-noise ratio
,
PSNR
)和
结构相似性
(
structural similarity index
,
SSIM
)。
PSNR
通常表示一个信号的最大可能功率与影响它的表示精度的破坏性噪声功率的比值
(以对数分贝为单位)。这一度量的基础是压缩图片的均方误差(
mean-square error
,
MSE
),
换句话说,原始图像的值与压缩后的值差别有多大。
压缩图像数据
|
151 ...
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Publisher Resources
ISBN: 9787115534170