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数据压缩入门
book

数据压缩入门

by Colt McAnlis, Aleks Haecky
April 2020
Intermediate to advanced
210 pages
4h 47m
Chinese
Posts & Telecom Press
Content preview from 数据压缩入门
20
|
第
3
章
钓鱼就是这样一个真实的例子。设想你坐在岸边草坪中的躺椅上,戴着漂亮的帽子,手拿卷
筒和连杆,望着河面和鱼浮。每隔几分钟,你就会看一眼鱼浮,发现它并没有变化,但每隔
一小时左右,就会有鱼咬钩,这才是你真正感兴趣的事情。也就是说,很长的时间里没有什
么有用的信息,真正有用的信息偶尔才会出现。如果用
0
表示没有鱼,用
1
表示鱼上钩,那
么你记录的信息里很容易出现这样的片段:
0000000010000000001000000000001
。
从统计上来说(从运动角度来说同样如此),我们感兴趣的是鱼在咬钩这样的事件,其他
的都是冗余信息。
比喻就说到这里,下面来看一些数值的例子。下表展示了一些概率的集合(这里我们不关
心实际的符号)以及这些集合相应的熵。
概率集合
P
(
G
) 熵
H
(
G
) 对于一个包含1000个符号的数据集来说……
[0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.994] 0.06
其中会有
994
个相同的符号
[0.25, 0.25, 0.003, 0.497] 1.53
其中会有
497
个相同的符号
[0.1, 0.1, 0.4, 0.4] 1.72
其中会有
2
个符号,各出现
400
次
[0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4] 1.84
其中会有
1
个符号是主要符号,但不占大多数
[0.25, 0.25, 0.25, 0.25] 2
共有
4
个符号,各出现
250
次
那么,应该如何理解这张表呢?
第一行中,第四个符号出现的概率最大,可以说占据了绝大多数的出现机会。换句话说,
这个数据集主要是由其中的一个符号组成的,偶尔会有其他符号随机出现。由于这个数据 ...
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Publisher Resources

ISBN: 9787115534170