December 2023
Intermediate to advanced
846 pages
26h 46m
English
Content preview from Small Signal Audio Design, 4th Edition
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CHAPTER 18 Line inputs
External signal levels
There are several standards for line signal levels. The −10 dBV standard is used for a lot of semi-professional recording equipment as it gives more headroom with unbalanced connections—the professional levels of +4 dBu and +6 dBu assume balanced outputs which inherently give twice the output level for the same supply rails as it is measured between two pins with signals of opposite phase on them. See Table 18.1.
| Vrms | dBu | dBV | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Semi-professional | 0.316 | –7.78 | –10 |
| Professional | 1.228 | +4.0 | +1.78 |
| German ARD | 1.55 | +6.0 | +3.78 |
Signal levels in dBu are expressed with reference to 0 dBu = 775 mVrms; the origin of ...
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