Actualization ◾ 135
sometimes called true positives. On the other hand, there were zero classes that the programmers
predicted would be modified but they were not; these classes are sometimes called false posi-
tives. The classes that the programmers predicted would not be modified and were not modi-
fied are called true negatives, and they are in the upper left cell of the table; there were 42 true
negatives. Finally, false negatives are the classes that the programmers predicted would not be
modified but that actually were modified; there were 64 false negatives.
The numbers in Table8.1 are sometimes presented in terms of precision and recall (Baeza-
Yates & Ribeiro-Neto, 1999), which are commonly used in the information retrieval. Precision