1A Brief Introduction

I see it all perfectly; there are two possible situations – one can either do this or that. My honest opinion and my friendly advice is this: do it or do not do it – you will regret both.

Søren Kierkegaard

From the Ancient Greeks through the Renaissance, and until our present day, human beings have always tried to give meaning to the reality surrounding them. This effort was not based on tradition or myth, but on the human rational ability to describe reality through the laws of mathematics.

When writing a scientific text and trying to give reality a meaning by applying a mathematical model, we cannot ignore certain philosophical concepts. On the contrary, we must find inspiration in the opinions of the great thinkers of the past. We will only examine a few postulates, but you can rest assured that many more are available and extensively explained in the literature. We take advantage of the knowledge that was made available to us by such human talents.

Our calculus teachers would never stop saying that numbers have to be interpreted, understood, and explained organically. Thanks to numbers we can define an object, an event26, or a physical phenomenon. Why is there a need to interpret numbers?

According to Pythagoras, numbers are the primordial elements from which reality is derived. The latter can be inferred through a strict mathematical and geometric sequence. The qualitative and contemplative elements coexist with the quantitative one. Each number ...

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