Introduction
“GOD IS DEAD,” says graffiti on a notice board in Oxford University, England. “NO!” it says underneath, “HE IS JUST WORKING ON A LESS AMBITIOUS PROJECT.”
Maybe God has given up the idea of an orderly and deterministic world. Maybe he/she has playfully decided to mix it up with some degree of randomness and choice, or maybe this has been the state of affairs all along. Zoroaster, the ancient Persian prophet, proclaimed this some 3,000 years ago:
There are elements of chance, choice, and certainty in every aspect of our lives.
Maybe having choice is not an illusion, after all. Nevertheless, choice is but one of the three elements. The interaction of choice with chance (randomness) and certainty (laws of nature) can indeed produce some ...