2 Rule Makers, Rule Breakers

“The history of life on this planet is a history of rule breakers. Life started … as single-cell organisms, swimming for millions of years in the ocean, until one of those creatures decided, ‘I'm going to do things differently today’. ”

—Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado

Between A.D. 96 and 180 the Roman Empire was at its height, ruled by a sequence of exceptional leaders who have become known as the “Five Good Emperors”. The last of them was Marcus Aurelius;1 a man whose philosophy we know well because he left a record of his ideas in the form of a set of notes that he wrote to himself. The fact that these ideas are still in print with multiple publishers2 is testament to the remarkable depth of his thinking. One of ...

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