Intel, which is credited with the first microprocessor (4004, in 1971), answers this question thus: “The microprocessor, also known as the central processing unit (CPU), is the brain of all computers.”
This comparison of microprocessor with the human brain is quite apt. In a human mind–body system, the brain receives inputs from sensory organs (eyes, ears, skin), processes the information received and takes decisions. To the outside world, the decisions taken by our brain are reflected in what we speak, how we walk, etc.
We do not see our brain. And we do not see the microprocessor in a computer system – it is hidden inside the system and not directly accessible to the user. What we get to work with are the inputs and outputs of the system.
However, this comparison ends here! We have a very limited understanding of our brain. But we understand microprocessors very well. By the time we complete our journey, you will know much more about microprocessors than you do about your brain!
1 MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM
Figure I.1 shows a diagram of a microprocessor system, simplified for the purpose of learning.
As shown in the figure, a microprocessor system receives inputs and produces outputs. An input device can be as simple as a push button, or very complex as a video camera. ...
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