Introduction

When the Armstrong Electronics Co., opened their new plant, Al Armstrong, the founder and president, hired Steve M. to supervise days and Gary J. to lead the night shift.

They came to him with excellent credentials. Both had degrees in electrical engineering; both had supervised manufacturing units in electronic companies and met the technical standards needed for the position.

Why did it happen that one year later Gary’s night shift consistently outperformed Steve’s day group? Not only did the day crew fail to meet standards for quantity and quality of production, it also had a high rate of absenteeism and turnover. Some of the employees had filed grievances with the union about unfair treatment. The night shift had an enviable production ...

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