book

Understanding TCP/IP

Name: Understanding TCP/IP
Author: CP Books a.s.
ISBN: 9781904811718

by CP Books a.s.

May 2006

Intermediate to advanced

480 pages

12h 20m

English

Packt Publishing

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Understanding TCP/IP
Understanding TCP/IP
Credits
About the Authors
Acknowledgements
Preface
What This Book Covers
What You Need for This Book
Conventions
Reader Feedback
Customer Support
ErrataQuestions

1. Introduction to Network Protocols
1.1 ISO OSI1.1.1 Physical Layer1.1.2 Data Link Layer1.1.3 Network Layer1.1.4 Transport Layer1.1.5 Session Layer1.1.6 Presentation Layer1.1.7 Application Layer
1.2 TCP/IP
1.2.1 Internet Protocol1.2.2 TCP and UDP1.2.3 Application Protocols
1.3 Methods of Information Transmission
1.3.1 Synchronous Transmission1.3.2 Packet Transmission1.3.3 Asynchronous Transmission
1.4 Virtual Circuit
2. Network Monitoring Tools
2.1 Packet Drivers
2.2 MS Network Monitor
2.2.1 Frame Capturing2.2.2 Viewing Captured Frames2.2.3 Filters for Displaying Captured Frames
2.3 Ethereal
2.4 Homework
3. Physical Layer
3.1 Serial Line3.1.1 Serial and Parallel Data Transport3.1.2 Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Signals3.1.3 Synchronous and Asynchronous Transport3.1.4 V.24, V.35, and X.21 Protocols3.1.5 Null Modem
3.2 Modems
3.2.1 Dial-Up Connection3.2.2 Leased Lines3.2.3 Automatic Modem3.2.3.1 AT Commands3.2.4 Synchronous Transmission3.2.5 Baseband, Voice Band, and ADSL3.2.6 Transmission Rate3.2.6.1 The V.90 Recommendation3.2.7 Data Compression3.2.8 Error Detection
3.3 Digital Circuits
3.3.1 ISDN3.3.1.1 Basic Rate3.3.1.2 Higher Layer Protocols and Signalization3.3.2 E and T Lines
3.4 LAN
3.4.1 Structured Cables3.4.1.1 Copper Distribution3.4.1.2 Optical Fibers3.4.2 Ethernet (10 Mbps)3.4.2.1 AUI3.4.2.2 BNC3.4.2.3 Twisted-PairOptical Fiber3.4.3 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbps)3.4.4 Gigabyte Ethernet (1 Gbps)
4. Link Layer
4.1 Serial Line Internet Protocol
4.2 Compressed SLIP
4.3 High-Level Data Link Control Protocol
4.3.1 Flag4.3.2 Address Field4.3.3 Control Field4.3.3.1 I-Frame4.3.3.2 S-Frame4.3.3.3 U-Frame4.3.4 Data Field and a Transferred Protocol Type4.3.5 Checksum4.3.6 HDLC Protocol Summary
4.4 Point-To-Point Protocol
4.4.1 Dialing a Phone Line4.4.2 Link Control Protocol4.4.3 Authentication4.4.3.1 Password Authentication Protocol4.4.3.2 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocols4.4.3.3 Extensible Authentication Protocol4.4.3.4 Radius Protocol4.4.4 Call-Back Control Protocol4.4.5 Other Protocols4.4.5.1 Multilink Protocol4.4.5.2 Bandwidth Allocation Protocol and Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol4.4.5.3 Compression Control Protocol4.4.5.4 Encryption Control Protocol4.4.5.5 Setting Encryption Keys4.4.6 Internet Protocol Control Protocol
4.5 Frame Relay
4.5.1 A Frame Relay Protocol Frame4.5.2 IP Through Frame Relay4.5.3 Local Management Interface4.5.4 Frame Relay Configuration on CISCO Routers4.5.5 Frame Relay Protocol
4.6 Local Area Networks
4.6.1 Ethernet
4.7 Wireless Local Area Network
4.7.1 Typical WLAN Configuration4.7.1.1 Peer-To-Peer Networks4.7.1.2 Access Point4.7.1.3 Roaming (Several Access Points)4.7.1.4 Backbone Point-to-Point Connection4.7.2 Antennas4.7.3 Security of WLAN4.7.3.1 Service Set ID4.7.3.2 Wired Equivalent Privacy4.7.3.3 IEEE 802.1X
4.8 Fixed Wireless Access
4.8.1 The Differences Between FWA and WLAN4.8.2 The Main Benefits of FWA
5. Internet Protocol
5.1 IP Datagram
5.2. Internet Control Message Protocol
5.2.1 Echo5.2.2 Destination Unreachable5.2.3 Source Quench (Lower Sending Speed)5.2.4 Redirect5.2.5 ICMP Router Discovery5.2.6 Time Exceeded5.2.7 Subnet Address Mask Request5.2.8 Time Synchronization
5.3 Fragmentation
5.4 Optional Entries in the IP Header
5.4.1 Record Route5.4.2 Timestamp5.4.3 Source Routing5.4.4 IP Router Alert Option
5.5 ARP and RARP Protocols
5.5.1 ARP Filtering5.5.2 Proxy ARP5.5.3 Reverse ARP
5.6 Internet Group Management Protocol
5.7 Multicast and Link Protocol
6. IP Address
6.1 Network: First Period of History6.1.1 Special-Use IP Addresses6.1.2 Network Mask
6.2 Network: Second Period of History
6.2.1 Subnetworks6.2.2 Super-Networks and Autonomous Systems
6.3 IP Addresses in the Intranet and Special-Use IP Addresses
6.4 Unnumbered Interface
6.4.1 Dynamic Address Assignment
6.5 Address Plan
6.6 Over 254 Interfaces in a LAN
7. Routing
7.1 Forwarding and Screening
7.2 Routing
7.2.1 Processing
7.3 Handling Routing Tables
7.3.1 List of Contents of a Routing Table in a Command Prompt7.3.1.1 Contents of a Routing Table in UNIX7.3.2 Routing Table Listing in Windows 2000/XP/20037.3.3 Contents of a Routing Table in Cisco Routers7.3.4 Routing Table Entry Addition and Removal
7.4 Routing Protocols
7.4.1 Routing Vector Protocols7.4.1.1 RVP Principle7.4.1.2 RIP and RIP27.4.2 Link State Protocols7.4.2.1 OSPF7.4.3 IPG and EGP7.4.4 Aggregation7.4.5 Redistribution
7.5 Neutral Exchange Point
8. IP Version 6
8.1 Next Headers of IP Version 6 Datagram8.1.1 Hop-By-Hop Options8.1.2 Routing Header8.1.3 Fragment Header8.1.4 Authentication Header8.1.5 Encapsulating Security Payload Header
8.2 ICMP Version 6 Protocol
8.2.1 Address Resolution8.2.2 Router Discovery8.2.3 Redirect
8.3. IP Addresses
8.3.1 Types of Address Inscription8.3.2 Multicasts8.3.3 Unicasts
8.4 Windows 2003
9. Transmission Control Protocol
9.1 TCP Segments
9.2 TCP Header Options
9.3 Establishing and Terminating a Connection with TCP
9.3.1 Establishing a Connection9.3.2 Terminating a Connection9.3.3 Aborting a Connection
9.4 Determining the Connection State
9.5 Response Delay Techniques
9.6 Window Technique
9.7 Network Congestion
9.7.1 Slow Start9.7.2 Congestion Avoidance9.7.3 Segment Loss
9.8 The Window Scale Factor
10. User Datagram Protocol
10.1 Fragmentation
10.2 Broadcasts and Multicasts
11. Domain Name System
11.1 Domains and Subdomains
11.2 Name Syntax
11.3 Reverse Domains
11.4 Resource Records
11.5 DNS Protocol
11.6 DNS Query
11.6.1 DNS Query Packet Format11.6.2 DNS Query Packet Header11.6.3 Question Section11.6.4 The Answer Section, Authoritative Servers, and Additional Information
12. Telnet
12.1 The NVT Protocol
12.2 Telnet Protocol Commands
12.2.1 Signal for Synchronization12.2.2 The Telnet Command Line12.2.3 Communication Modes
12.3 Example of Windows NT Client Communication
12.4 Example of UNIX Client Communication
13. File Transfer Protocol
13.1 Architecture
13.2 Active Mode of FTP Protocol Communication
13.3 Passive Mode of FTP Protocol Communication
13.4 FTP Commands
13.5 Proxy
13.6 Return Codes
13.7 Abnormal Termination of Data Transfer
13.8 Anonymous FTP
14. Hypertext Transfer Protocol
14.1 Client-Server
14.2 Proxy
14.3 Gateway
14.4 Tunnel
14.5 More Intermediate Nodes
14.6 Uniform Resource Identifier
14.6.1 The http Scheme14.6.2 The ftp Scheme14.6.3 The mailto Scheme14.6.4 The nntp Scheme14.6.5 The telnet Scheme14.6.6 The file Scheme14.6.7 The pop Scheme
14.7 Relative URI
14.8 The HTTP Request
14.8.1 The GET Method14.8.2 The POST Method14.8.3 The HEAD Method14.8.4 The TRACE Method14.8.5 The OPTIONS Method
14.9 The HTTP Response
14.9.1 An Overview of Result Codes
14.10 Other Header Fields
14.10.1 Accept Header Field14.10.2 Client Authentication14.10.3 Proxy Authentication14.10.4 Content Header Field14.10.5 Redirection and Temporary Unavailability of Objects14.10.6 Cache14.10.7 Software Information
14.11 Cookie
14.11.1 Set-Cookie and Set-Cookie2 Header Fields14.11.1.1 Cookie Header Field
15. Email
15.1 Email Architecture15.1.1 DNS and Email
15.2 Mail Message Format
15.2.1 Basic Header Fields
15.3 MIME
15.3.1 MIME Header Fields15.3.1.1 MIME-Version15.3.1.2 Content-Type15.3.1.3 Content-Transfer-Encoding15.3.1.4 Content-Disposition15.3.2 Standard Encoding Mechanisms15.3.2.1 Quoted-Printable15.3.2.2 Base6415.3.3 Non-ASCII Text in Message Header Fields15.3.4 Discrete Media Types in Content-Type15.3.4.1 text15.3.4.2 application15.3.4.3 image15.3.4.4 audio15.3.4.5 video15.3.4.6 model15.3.5 Composite Media Types in Content-Type15.3.5.1 multipart15.3.5.2 message
15.4 SMTP
15.5 ESMTP
VERB8BITMIMESIZEETRN15.5.1 Message Delivery Receipt15.5.1.1 Delivery Status Notification15.5.1.2 The Disposition-Notification-To Header Field
15.6 POP3
15.7 IMAP4
15.7.1 Unauthenticated State15.7.1.1 LOGIN15.7.1.2 AUTHENTICATE15.7.2 Authenticated State15.7.2.1 CREATE, DELETE, RENAME, and LIST Commands15.7.2.2 SUBSRCIBE, LSUB, and UNSUBSCRIBE Commands15.7.2.3 STATUS15.7.2.4 SELECT and EXAMINE Commands15.7.3 Open Mailbox15.7.3.1 COPY15.7.3.2 SEARCH15.7.3.3 FETCH15.7.3.4 STORE15.7.3.5 EXPUNGE15.7.3.6 CLOSE15.8 Mailing Lists
16. Forums
16.1 Message Format
16.2 NNTP Protocol
16.2.1 End User Communication16.2.2 Communication Among Servers16.2.3 Session Termination
17. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
17.1 Protocol Principle
17.2 Data Model of LDAP Directory
17.3 LDAP Protocol Data Units
17.3.1 The Search Operation17.3.1.1 Filters17.3.2 Further Operations with Entries17.3.2.1 The Add Operation17.3.2.2 The Modify Operation17.3.2.3 The Delete Operation17.3.2.4 The Modify DN Operation17.3.2.5 The Compare Operation
17.4 Server Programs
17.5 Client Programs
17.5.1 The LDAP Browser17.5.2 The OpenLDAP Client17.5.3 ADSIedit17.5.4 MS Outlook Express and MS Outlook
17.6 Lightweight Directory Interchange Format
A. CISCO Routers
A.1 Interface Identification
A.2 Cables
A.3 Memory
A.4 Console
A.5 Commands
A.5.1 Non-Privileged ModeA.5.2 Privileged mode
A.6 Configuration
A.6.1 Setting a Password for Privileged ModeA.6.2 WebA.6.3 ConfigMaker
A.7 Debugging

Content preview from Understanding TCP/IP

14.8 The HTTP Request

The HTTP request (and response) structure reminds us of an email structure. At first sight, we see the difference only in the first line. The first line of a request contains a method, and the first line of a response contains status line.

An HTTP request consists of the following (see Figure 14.10):

A method: HTTP version 1.1 supports the following methods: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE, CONNECT, PUT, and DELETE. The PUT and DELETE methods are not always implemented.
A header: This consists of individual header fields. Every header field starts with a keyword (for example, Host). A colon followed by a space terminates the keyword. After a space, the header field parameters can follow. The whole header field is always terminated ...

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Understanding TCP/IP

by CP Books a.s.

14.8 The HTTP Request

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